Transmission rate of gyrodactylus salaris between two constrained atlantic salmon salmo salar parr in relation to ambient water temperature. Reservoir hosts for gyrodactylus salaris may play a more significant. The course of infection of gyrodactylus salaris on individually isolated atlantic salmon salmo. Gyrodactylus is a hyperdiverse monogenean genus with ca. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. This has now been supplemented by eu legislation that recognises the special status of the uk as being proven free of the parasite. Efta surveillance authority decision of 3rd march 2016 to approve national measures by norway limiting the impact of gyrodactylus salaris and to repeal decisions no 29808col and 299. Gyrodactylus salaris is a monogenean parasite of atlantic salmon salmo salar that can cause high levels of infection and mortality in pre. Anadromous sections of the six infected rivers are marked red. Pdf the salinity tolerance of the freshwater monogenean gyrodactylus salaris. In this research, graylingspecific gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 isolates from baltic sea basin were collected in sweden for the first time. Pdf qualitative analysis of the risk of introducing gyrodactylus.
Pdf quantification of freeliving gyrodactylus salaris. Gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 has had a devastating impact on wild norwegian stocks of atlantic salmon salmo salar l. Gyrodactylus salaris is a listed notifiable disease and legislation is in place to prevent the transfer of live salmon and trout the main hosts for the parasite to british waters. Gyrodactylus salaris was first reported on wild atlantic salmon in norway by johnsen 1978, and has been held responsible for the severe reductions in the number of salmon parr and subsequent catches of returning mature salmon in infected norwegian rivers. Dna taxonomy and barcoding of monogenean parasites. The invasive salmon parasite gyrodactylus salaris is among the worst threats to atlantic salmon salmo salar today. Post jobs, find pros, and collaborate commission free in our professional marketplace. Pdf this study surveys the distribution of gyrodactylus salaris on resident arctic charr, salvelinus alpinus, in lakes connected to three.
Gyrodactylus salaris malmberg 1957 was first identified on farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar l. Report of the meeting of the working group on gyrodactylus salaris. Some economic aspects of the introduced atlantic salmon. Catchment size, anadromous section and mean annual discharge of six g. Eradication of gyrodactylus salaris infested atlantic salmon using rotenone 69 figure 1. The classical description of species of the genus gyrodactylus is based on the morphology of the hard parts sclerites of the posterior attachment apparatus opisthaptor in addition to host preference. Gyrodactylus is another group of ectoparasite that attacks both tilapia rubiogodoy and garciavasquez, 2015 and african catfish mohamed et al. Gyrodactylus salaris is known to survive between temperatures of 0c to 25c. Gyrodactylus salaris angler declaration gyrodactylus salaries gs is the greatest threat to wild salmon in our scottish rivers, and the uk as a whole.
It is an ectoparasite living on fins and skin of a small fish. Pdf gyrodactylus common parasites of tilapia and other. Gyrodactylus salaris, commonly known as salmon fluke, is a tiny monogenean ectoparasite. Gyrodactylus salaris briefing note naturalresources. As such, in conjunction with local salmon fishery boards, we are adopting rigorous.
The surveillance programme for gyrodactylus salaris in. Gyrodactylus salaris declaration salmon fish scotland. Obligate fish parasites that give birth to offspring, there are no eggs, resting stages, specialised transmission stages or intermediate hosts. In norway, catastrophic losses of atlantic salmon were seen following the introduction of g.
However, the transmission rate was markedly higher to freeliving fish, suggesting that. Gyrodactylosis of atlantic salmon gyrodactylus salaris. Code of practice to avoid the introduction of gyrodactylus. It also parasitises other species, including rainbow trout. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Pdf gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ectoparasite of baltic strains of atlantic. They are ubiquitous teleost ectoparasites that have been extensively studied since the late 19th century, largely due their unique reproductive adaptations. Killing of gyrodactylus salaris by heat and chemical. The parasite is widespred in the baltic sea catchment area 48. Action plan against the salmon parasite gyrodactylus salaris for the period 20142016, the norwegian environment agency, report m 288. Pdf salinity tolerance of gyrodactylus salaris platyhelminthes.
Quantification of free living gyrodactylus salaris in an infested river and consequences for interriver dispersal article pdf available in diseases of aquatic organisms 873. Gyrodactylus salaris, commonly known as salmon fluke, is a tiny monogenean ectoparasite which lives on the body surface of freshwater fish. This leechlike parasite has been implicated in the reduction of atlantic salmon populations in the norwegian fjords. Gyrodactylus salaris is an extremely dangerous parasite and we are taking the most careful steps to make sure it does not enter any scottish fishery. The gyrodactylus infection on arctic charr which cooccurs with atlantic salmon in signaldalselva is suggested to be g. The one species that is of concern to fisheries and fish farms is gyrodactylus salaris.
Little is known about the dosage of disinfectants against g. They are similar to dactylogyrus, except their anterior head end does not have eyespots, but does have prominent hooks for anchoring to the skin. Media in category gyrodactylusthe following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. The parasite was isolated in may, 2014 from brown trout fingerling in northern part of turkey. Norwegian veterinary institute surveillance programmes in norway gyrodactylus salarissurveillance annual report 2016 3 summary in 2016, gyrodactylus salaris was not detected in any of the rivers or fish farms included in the surveillance program. Nea166 the parasite gyrodactylus salaris the north atlantic. Gyrodactylus salaris briefing note background gyrodactylus salaris is an ectoparasite of salmonids found on the skin and gills of the host it is considered to be the most important species of gyrodactylid because of the impact on atlantic salmon salmo salar.
It has been responsible for significant mortalities up to 98% of wild atlantic salmon populations in norway, and as a result some salmon. Reservoir hosts for gyrodactylus salaris may play a more. Gyrodactylus salaris please give this signed declaration. It is a parasitic freshwater fluke which is indigenous to rivers in parts of russia, norway and sweden, where salmon have evolved resistance to it. Diagnosis of gyrodactylus 2 spread of parasite gyrodactylus salaris has spread between rivers and farms mainly through the transport and restocking of live fish mo, 1994. Iceland, the uk and ireland are the only areas known to be free of the parasite. Contents list of papers 1 summary 3 1 introduction 5 1. Introduction during the period of 1975 to 2016, pathogenic strains of gyrodactylus salaris have been detected on. Adult worms do not lay eggs, rather they give birth to live. Gyrodactylus salaris in the northeast atlantic commission area. Unfortunately, morphological discrimination of species such as g. Gyrodactylus salaris regularly leads to high mortalities on infected. Eradication of gyrodactylus salaris infested atlantic. Transmission of the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris.
Gyrodactylus sp pdf sep 15, gyrodactyluschileani n. Transmission of the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris folia. Gyrodactylus salaris is a member of a genus of small parasitic worms which includes species infesting fish and frogs in both fresh and salt water. Do not spread salmon parasite gyrodactylus salaris pdf. Media in category gyrodactylus salaris the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Oie manual of diagnostic tests for aquatic animals and the aquatic. Isolated fish from 2 susceptible norwegian stocks rivers lier and alta and 1 resistant baltic stock of salmon river neva were infected with a single gravid worm in order to record the temporal sequence of births and age at death of individual parasites. Gyrodactylus salaris has been shown to survive away from a live fish host for fiveseven days at ambient river temperatures and for 78 hours and 42 hours at salinities of 10. Catchments of the seven largest rivers in the rauma treatment zone. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.