Mucoadhesion or bioadhesion is defined as the attachment of synthetic or biological macromolecules to biological tissue. None of these theories can explain mucoadhesion on its. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may improve both in vitro and in vivo performance of products due to their propensity to enhance the retention of the dosage form at the site of application. Various theories of adhesion have been suggested, but none has still been categorically accepted. Lee, park, robinson, 2000 had described the mechanism of mucoadhesion in four different approaches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the molecular mass and accordingly the polymer chain length.
These are examples of logic models that other people have found effective. Mucoadhesive and cohesive properties of polyacrylic acid. These theories include mechanical interlocking, electrostatic, diffusion interpenetration, adsorption and fracture processes. Mucoadhesion is currently explained by six theories. Which include core computer science, networking, programming languages, systems programming books, linux books and many more. Mucoadhesion, the state in which two materials, amongst which one is biological in nature, adhere to each other for extended periods of time with the help of interfacial forces, provides an attractive strategy to overcome the hurdles of conventional drug delivery systems including first pass metabolism, and localized delivery of biomolecules including proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may be designed to enable. Welcome to free printable music theory worksheets for music students available for download for free.
A general mechanism of mucoadhesion drug delivery system is show in figure 1. The mechanisms of interactions between polymers and mucus. Currently, more stress is being placed on elucidating the mechanisms of mucoadhesion as an evaluation of mucoadhesive properties for the design of innovative mucoadhesives. Introduction over the past 30 years, greater attention has been focused on development of controlled and sustained drug delivery systems.
Mucoadhesive materials and drug delivery systems wiley. So, when formulations containing bioadhesive polymers are instilled in the nasal cavity, they can spread over the nasal epithelium. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved. This is proposed to result in the formation of an electrical double layer at the interface, with subsequent adhesion due to attractive forces. The wetting theory describes the effect of drop spreadability and wettability on the eye surface. It is best applied to liquid or lowviscosity bioadhesive. According to the electrosatic theory, electron transfer is the mechanism of mucoadhesion. Institute of pharmaceutical sciences, udaipur, rajasthan, india. Theories of adhesion there are six general theories of adhesion, which have been adapted for the investigation of mucoadhesion 11,14,15. Nevertheless, two basic steps are generally accepted. The most commonly employed in vitro tests are tensile strength test, shear strength test, peel strength test, in vitro retention time. Complex issues arise in set theory more than any other area of pure mathematics. Nov 01, 2017 the role of mucoadhesion in the perception and sensory characterisation of food products is becoming more apparent.
Mucoadhesion of progesteroneloaded drug delivery nanofiber. Polymers used in the mucoadhesive drug delivery system. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostatic theory, and fracture theory. Archive pdf versions of chapters from the most recent edition in which a theory was given full coverage. Traditionally, mucoadhesives are used to enhance drug permeability and retention at mucosal membranes in the body, by adherence to a mucosal membrane formed through various interactions between. Mucoadhesion theoryelectronic theory electronic theory is based on the premise that both mucoadhesive and biological materials possess opposing electrical charges. Theories and factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery. Mucus acts as free radical scavenger partly because of its ability to bind lipids. Wetting theory of mucoadhesion the wetting theory is perhaps the oldest established theory of adhesion. Qapa l journal of quality assurance and pharma analysis. Mucoadhesion, theories, factors affecting mucoadhesion, vaginal drug administration, various evaluation. Acaaddemmiicc s ccii eenncess international journal of. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been presented to.
The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostaticic theory, and fracture theory. Thermodynamic analysis has been also used for the identification of the driving force of mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system, theories of bioadhesion. The role of mucoadhesion in the perception and sensory characterisation of food products is becoming more apparent. There are five classical theories adapted from studies on. Mechanism of mucoadhesion 12 mucoadhesion is twostep process describes the. Adhesion, bioadhesion and mucoadhesion are three terms which refer to the same process taking place in different environments. Pdf mucoadhesive drug delivery systems researchgate. For this to take place, the mucoadhesive device has features favoring both chemical and mechanical interactions. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved12. Adsorption theory of mucoadhesion according to the adsorption theory, after an initial contact between two surfaces, the materials adhere because of surface forces acting between the chemical structures at the two surfaces. In the past few decades, several theories have been developed to describe the adhesion phenomena. It is defined as bioadhesion if the polymer chains are attached to the biological surface.
Mar 19, 2016 mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system. Request pdf theories and factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. His theory is very broad, from birth through adolescence, and includes concepts of language, scientific reasoning, moral development, and memory. Drag and drop your document in the pdf password remover. Specific processes include mechanical interlocking, electrostatic, diffusion interpenetration.
This multiauthor book provides an uptodate account of current research on mucoadhesive materials and drug delivery systems. Over the past few decades, mucosal drug delivery has received a great deal of attention. The capacitance c increases linearly with the area a since for a given potential difference. These theories include mechanicalinterlocking, electrostatic, diffusioninterpenetration, adsorption and fracture processes. Bioadhesive drug delivery systems semantic scholar. One of the reasons for the various views is that both the old and new testaments reveal many truths about christs atonement, making it hard. Bioadhesive formulations have a wide scope of application for both systemic and local effects of the drug. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. These theories include mechanicalinterlocking, electrostatic, diffusion.
Modify your pdf further, or click download file to save the unlocked pdf. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion pdf. Review on mucoadhesive drug delivery system with special. Theories of bioadhesion mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been presented to explain the mechanism involved. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion. Confirm that you have the right to the file and click unlock pdf. Effects of conformation and molecular weight on the surface. Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive process. A general mechanism of mucoadhesion drug delivery system is show in figure the mucoadhesive must spread over the substrate to initiate close contact and increase surface contact, promoting the diffusion of its chains within the mucus.
The rheological synergy study suggests that as soon as mucus and mucoadhsive. These worksheets can be used in private music lessons, classrooms, group lessons, or for selflearners. This paper lays main emphasis on evaluation parameters. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system linkedin slideshare. Several in vitro and in vivo methodologies are proposed for studying its mechanisms. Its four major areassituation, activity, manipulation and fixed attituderepresent areas of conflict essential to fully explore a story.
Free pdf to word converter has been designed to allow users to edit pdf. Thus, when both materials come into contact, they transfer electrons leading to the building of a double electronic layer at the interface, where the within this electronic double. Traditionally, mucoadhesives are used to enhance drug permeability and retention at mucosal membranes in the body, by adherence to a mucosal membrane formed through various interactions between the mucoadhesive and proteins present in the mucosa. Theories of adhesion there are six general theories of adhesion, which have been adapted for the investigation of mucoadhesion78. These findings were confirmed by another in vitro mucoadhesion test system. The mechanism of mucoadhesion in the nasal cavity can be explained by a number of theories, but it is generally accepted that the mechanism is based on two key stages, the contact and consolidation stages. Theories of mucoadhesion a complete and comprehensive theory that can predict adhesion based on the chemical andor physical nature of a polymer is not yet available. Contents introduction types of mucoadhesive drug delivery system stages of mucoadhesion theories of mucoadhesion factors important to mucoadhesion evaluation of mucoadhesive dosage forms. Several theories have been proposed to explain the fundamental mechanism of adhesion n. It explains adhesion as an embedding process, whereby adhesive agents penetrate into surface irregularities of the substrate and ultimately harden, producing many adhesive anchors. Oegylated cyclodextrins responsive to temperature, redox, and metal ions.
Piagets theory the first cognitive theory, developed by jean piaget beginning about 1920. Throughout church history, several different views of the atonement, some true and some false, have been put forth by different individuals or denominations. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved 67. The handouts can also be used to reiterate music theory concepts learned during lessons, assigned as homework, or serve as practice tests. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg. Adobe image viewer works for the full version of adobe acrobat 5. If youre trying to learn how to play music, read music, or brush up on improvising and performing with other musicians, music theory is important. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance.
This is proposed to result in the formation of an electrical double layer at the interface, with. Pdf drug actions can be improved by developing new drug delivery systems, such as the. Step i, the contact stage, in which an intimate contact between. Theories of mucoadhesion a electronic theory, b wetting theory, c adsorption theory. The theories include electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fracture theory. The electronic theory suggests that electron transfer occurs upon contact of adhering surfaces due to differences in their electronic structure. Free excelto pdf converter allows you to easily convert your excel files to. Several in vitro and in vivo methodologies are proposed for studying. However, you dont need to know every last tidbit that the many theorists around the world have written down.
Mucoadhesion is a topic of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. According to the diffusion theory, the mucoadhesive molecules and the glycoproteins of the mucus mutually interact by means of interpenetration of their chains and the building of secondary bonds. Interpenetration of chains is easier as polymer chains are disentangled and free of. Piaget observed and described children at different ages. May 02, 2014 mucoadhesion defined as attachment of synthetic or natural materials to mucosal tissues has been widely exploited in pharmaceutical forms. Free music theory worksheets free music worksheets. On the other hand, c is inversely proportional to d, the distance of separation because the smaller the value of d, the smaller the potential difference. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been presented to explain the mechanisms involved.
Mechanism of mucoadhesion electronic theory according to this theory, electron transfers occur upon contact of adhesive polymer with a mucus. Although elementary set theory is wellknown and straightforward, the modern subject, axiomatic set theory, is both conceptually more di. They are electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fracture theory. Prajapati and anju goyal department of pharmaceutical chemistry, b. Such theories include the electronic theory, 6 the adsorption theory, 7 the wetting theory, 8 and the diffusion theory 9. When it is applied to mucosal epithelium bioadhesive interaction occurs primarily with mucus layer and this is called as mucoadhesion. Various story components used to create dramatica story points such as the story goal and problem sit nested within. Conversation videosinterviews with the authors of theories covered in the 9th and 10th editions, plus four with authors of archived theories from previous editions. Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. Since the early 1980,the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
This theory was supported by the results of tensile studies with tablets of thiolated chitosans which demonstrated a positive correlation between the degree of modification with thiol bearing moieties and the adhesive properties of the polymer 2,20. Mdds utilizes the property of bioahesion of certain watersoluble polymers which become adhesive on hydration and hence can be used for targeting a drug to a particular region of the body for extended periods of time. In the consolidation step figure 1, the mucoadhesive materials are activated by the presence of moisture. Possibilities in mucoadhesion failure to understand the above problem there are two theories of how this gel strengthening occurs. Moisture plasticizes the system, allowing the mucoadhesive molecules to break free and to link up by weak van mucoadhesion theoriesder waals and hydrogen bonds smart, 2005. This chart illustrates the core dramatica structure found in all complete stories. On the basis of nature and strength of these two kinds of bonds, there are following five theories of mucoadhesion that are been postulated 8. There are six general theories of adhesion, which have been adapted for the investigation of mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive drug delivery gives rapid absorption and good bioavailability due to its considerable surface area and high blood flow. Review brazilian journal of pharmaceutical sciences vol.